What is a key requirement for limitations on rights under the ICCPR?

A key requirement for limitations on rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is that they must be both necessary and proportionate. This principle is grounded in the need to balance the protection of individual rights with the interests of society.

The "necessary" aspect means that any restriction must serve a legitimate aim and be essential to protect that aim; it should not be arbitrary or excessive. The "proportionate" aspect requires that the benefits of the limitation outweigh any harm it may cause to the rights being restricted. This ensures that the limitations are not overly broad and do not undermine the essence of the rights guaranteed by the ICCPR.

Understanding this principle is crucial as it aims to protect individuals from unwarranted restrictions while allowing states to fulfill their obligations to maintain public order and security. The other options, which suggest characteristics such as vagueness, public approval, or public outrage, do not align with the rigorous standards set by the ICCPR for justifying limitations on rights.